Recombinant Human CD163 Protein, N-GST & C-His

Description of Recombinant Human CD163 Protein, N-GST & C-His

Introduction

Recombinant Human CD163 Protein, also known as Cluster of Differentiation 163, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is primarily expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages. It is encoded by the CD163 gene and serves as an important receptor for the clearance of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes in the body. In recent years, recombinant CD163 protein has gained significant attention in the field of immunology and has shown promising potential in various therapeutic applications. In this article, we will discuss the structure, activity, and applications of recombinant human CD163 protein in detail.

Structure of Recombinant Human CD163 Protein

The recombinant human CD163 protein is a large molecule with a molecular weight of approximately 130 kDa. It is composed of 1150 amino acids and contains three distinct domains: an N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal extracellular domain. The extracellular domain is further divided into nine scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains, which are responsible for binding to haptoglobin and other ligands. The SRCR domains also play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response by interacting with various immune cells and cytokines.

Activity of Recombinant Human CD163 Protein

The primary function of CD163 protein is to act as a receptor for the clearance of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes, which are formed during the breakdown of red blood cells. The extracellular SRCR domains of CD163 bind to the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex, and the entire complex is then internalized into the cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. The internalized complex is then degraded, and the iron is recycled for the production of new red blood cells. This process helps in maintaining the iron homeostasis in the body and prevents the accumulation of toxic free hemoglobin.

Aside from its role in hemoglobin clearance, CD163 protein also plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response. It has been shown to modulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote the anti-inflammatory response by interacting with immune cells such as T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. This activity of CD163 protein makes it a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Applications of Recombinant Human CD163 Protein

The unique structure and activity of recombinant human CD163 protein make it a valuable tool in various research and therapeutic applications. Some of the potential applications of this protein are:

1. Diagnostic Marker for Inflammatory Diseases

CD163 protein has been found to be overexpressed in various inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and sepsis. Its expression level has been correlated with disease severity and progression, making it a potential diagnostic marker for these conditions. Recombinant CD163 protein can be used in diagnostic assays to detect the presence of CD163 in patient samples, aiding in the early diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases.

2. Target for Immunotherapy

As mentioned earlier, CD163 protein plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response. Its overexpression has been linked to the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, targeting CD163 with therapeutic antibodies or recombinant proteins can help in modulating the immune response and treating these conditions. Recombinant CD163 protein can also be used to develop vaccines against infectious diseases by targeting the SRCR domains, which are responsible for binding to various pathogens.

3. Drug Delivery Vehicle

The ability of CD163 protein to bind to haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes can be exploited for targeted drug delivery. Recombinant CD163 protein can be conjugated with therapeutic drugs or nanoparticles and delivered specifically to macrophages, which are known to express high levels of CD163. This targeted drug delivery