PD1 - PDL1 - PDL2

Proteins PD1 and PDL1: A Drug Target

Introduction

Proteins PD1 and PDL1 are two molecules involved in the regulation of the immune system. They are both part of the immune checkpoint pathways, which are involved in the regulation of the body's response to foreign substances. PD1 is a receptor found on the surface of T-cells, while PDL1 is a ligand, or molecule, found on the surface of other cells. When the two molecules interact, they can regulate the body's response to foreign substances, such as pathogens. This interaction has become an attractive target for drug development, as it can be used to modulate the body's immune response.

Structure of PD1 and PDL1

PD1 and PDL1 are both transmembrane proteins, meaning they span the cell membrane, with one part inside the cell and one part outside. PD1 is composed of two extracellular immunoglobulin domains, while PDL1 is composed of four immunoglobulin domains. PD1 binds to PDL1 with high affinity, forming a complex that is stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH levels.

Function of PD1 and PDL1

PD1 and PDL1 are both involved in the regulation of the body's immune response. PD1 is a receptor found on the surface of T-cells, while PDL1 is a ligand found on the surface of other cells. When the two molecules interact, they can regulate the body's immune response to foreign substances. This interaction is important for the body to be able to distinguish between self and non-self, and to appropriately respond to foreign substances.

Drug Targeting of PD1 and PDL1

The interaction between PD1 and PDL1 has become an attractive target for drug development. Antibodies that can bind to either PD1 or PDL1 can be used to modulate the body's immune response. This has been used in the development of cancer immunotherapies, as blocking the interaction between PD1 and PDL1 can help to activate the body's immune response to cancer cells.