Recombinant Human TUBA4A Protein, N-His

Introduction to Recombinant Human TUBA4A Protein

Recombinant Human TUBA4A protein, also known as Tubulin alpha-4A chain, is a highly conserved protein that plays a crucial role in the structure and function of microtubules. Microtubules are a key component of the cytoskeleton, providing structural support and facilitating intracellular transport. The TUBA4A gene is located on chromosome 2 and encodes for the alpha-4A chain of tubulin, which is one of the two major subunits of microtubules.

Structure of Recombinant Human TUBA4A Protein

The TUBA4A gene is approximately 4.5 kilobases in length and contains 11 exons. The protein product of this gene is composed of 449 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa. The primary structure of TUBA4A protein contains a highly conserved region known as the tubulin signature motif, which is essential for the polymerization and stability of microtubules. This motif is located at the C-terminus of the protein and is responsible for binding to other tubulin subunits.

The secondary structure of TUBA4A protein consists of 12 alpha-helices and 8 beta-strands, which are arranged in a specific pattern to form the characteristic cylindrical shape of tubulin. The tertiary structure of the protein is further stabilized by interactions between adjacent tubulin subunits, as well as by the binding of various cofactors and post-translational modifications.

Activity of Recombinant Human TUBA4A Protein

The main function of TUBA4A protein is to form the structural backbone of microtubules, which are dynamic polymers of tubulin subunits. These microtubules are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell division, intracellular transport, and cell movement. TUBA4A protein is particularly important for the assembly and stability of microtubules in neurons, where it is highly expressed.

In addition to its structural role, TUBA4A protein also plays a crucial role in regulating microtubule dynamics. It can undergo post-translational modifications, such as acetylation and phosphorylation, which can affect its binding affinity to other tubulin subunits and modulate the growth and shrinkage of microtubules. TUBA4A protein is also involved in the formation of specialized microtubule structures, such as cilia and flagella, which are essential for cell motility and sensory functions.

Application of Recombinant Human TUBA4A Protein

Recombinant Human TUBA4A protein has been widely used in various research applications, particularly in the study of microtubule dynamics and cytoskeletal function. It can be produced in large quantities using recombinant DNA technology, making it a valuable tool for biochemical and structural studies.

One of the main applications of recombinant TUBA4A protein is in the development of therapeutic drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in the TUBA4A gene have been linked to various neurological disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Recombinant TUBA4A protein can be used to study the effects of these mutations on microtubule function and to screen for potential drug candidates that can restore normal microtubule dynamics.

Furthermore, recombinant TUBA4A protein has also been used in the development of diagnostic assays for various diseases. It can serve as an antigen in immunoassays, such as ELISA and Western blot, to detect the presence of TUBA4A-specific antibodies in patient samples. This can aid in the diagnosis of TUBA4A-related disorders and provide