B2M protein – Human Beta-2-microglobulin(B2M) Recombinant Protein

Description of B2M protein / Human Beta-2-microglobulin(B2M) Recombinant Protein

Introduction:

Human Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) is a small, highly conserved protein that plays a crucial role in the function of the immune system. It is a component of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which are responsible for presenting antigens to T cells and initiating an immune response. B2M also has diverse functions outside of the immune system, making it a promising drug target for various diseases. In this article, we will explore the structure, activity, and potential applications of B2M protein.

Structure of B2M Protein:

B2M is a 12-kDa protein composed of 99 amino acids, with a molecular weight of approximately 11,800 Da. It is a single-chain polypeptide that is folded into a compact, globular structure. B2M contains a hydrophobic core and two disulfide bonds that stabilize its structure. The protein has a high thermal stability, with a melting temperature of 85°C, making it resistant to degradation.

Activity of B2M Protein:

B2M plays a crucial role in immune system function by forming a complex with MHC class I molecules. This complex is responsible for presenting antigens to T cells, which triggers an immune response against foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. B2M also plays a role in the maturation and trafficking of MHC class I molecules, ensuring their proper function in antigen presentation.

In addition to its role in the immune system, B2M has been found to have other activities. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, as it can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. B2M also has a role in iron metabolism, as it binds to transferrin receptor and regulates iron uptake. Furthermore, B2M has been implicated in the development and progression of certain cancers, making it a potential target for cancer therapy.

Applications of B2M Protein:

The diverse functions of B2M make it a promising target for various diseases. In cancer, B2M has been identified as a potential biomarker for early detection and monitoring of disease progression. In addition, targeting B2M in cancer cells has shown promising results in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.

B2M has also been studied as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. In these diseases, B2M is thought to play a role in the activation of immune cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Inhibiting B2M activity could potentially reduce the severity of symptoms and slow disease progression.

Furthermore, B2M has been investigated as a potential target for viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis B. By targeting B2M, researchers hope to disrupt the presentation of viral antigens to T cells, thereby preventing the virus from evading the immune system.

Conclusion:

In summary, B2M protein is a key player in immune system function, with diverse activities and potential applications in various diseases. Its structure and function make it an attractive drug target for the development of novel therapies. Further research on B2M and its role in disease pathogenesis could lead to new treatment options and improved patient outcomes.