Recombinant Human MAPK9, N-His

Description of Recombinant Human MAPK9, N-His

Introduction

Recombinant human mapk9, also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (MAPK9), is a protein that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, which is involved in signal transduction pathways and regulates gene expression in response to extracellular stimuli. In this article, we will discuss the structure, activity, and potential applications of recombinant human mapk9.

Structure of Recombinant Human Mapk9

Recombinant human mapk9 is a 43 kDa protein consisting of 395 amino acids. It contains a highly conserved catalytic domain, a C-terminal regulatory domain, and a N-terminal activation domain. The catalytic domain is responsible for the enzymatic activity of mapk9, while the regulatory domain controls its activity by interacting with other proteins. The activation domain is involved in the activation of mapk9 by phosphorylation.

Activity of Recombinant Human Mapk9

Recombinant human mapk9 is a serine/threonine kinase that is activated by dual phosphorylation at threonine 183 and tyrosine 185 residues. This activation is mediated by upstream MAPK kinase (MAPKK) enzymes, such as MAP2K4 and MAP2K7. Once activated, mapk9 phosphorylates various substrates, including transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins, and other kinases, leading to changes in cellular processes.

One of the main functions of recombinant human mapk9 is its role in cell proliferation. It promotes cell cycle progression by phosphorylating and activating transcription factors, such as c-Jun and c-Fos, that regulate the expression of genes involved in cell growth. Mapk9 also plays a crucial role in cell differentiation by activating the transcription factor C/EBPβ, which is involved in the differentiation of various cell types.

Moreover, recombinant human mapk9 is involved in the regulation of apoptosis. It can either promote or inhibit apoptosis depending on the cellular context. In some cases, mapk9 can activate pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax and Bad, while in others, it can inhibit the activity of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. This dual role of mapk9 in apoptosis makes it an important target for drug development.

Applications of Recombinant Human Mapk9

Given its crucial role in various cellular processes, recombinant human mapk9 has been studied as a potential drug target for various diseases. One of the main areas of research is cancer, as mapk9 has been found to be overexpressed and hyperactivated in many types of cancer. Inhibitors of mapk9 have been developed and tested in preclinical studies for their potential use in cancer treatment.

Another potential application of recombinant human mapk9 is in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Mapk9 has been found to be involved in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and its inhibition has shown promising results in reducing inflammation in various animal models.

Furthermore, mapk9 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. In these diseases, mapk9 is involved in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and the accumulation of toxic proteins, leading to neuronal death. Inhibitors of mapk9 have shown potential in preventing the progression of these diseases.

In addition to these potential therapeutic applications, recombinant human mapk9 is also used in research as a tool to study various cellular processes. Its activity can be modulated by different stimuli, and its role in different signaling pathways can be studied using specific inhibitors or activators.